{"id":357,"date":"2021-12-20T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=357"},"modified":"2021-12-19T14:42:29","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T13:42:29","slug":"vianocne-zvyky-a-tradicie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=357","title":{"rendered":"Viano\u010dn\u00e9 zvyky a trad\u00edcie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na\u00a0<strong>Vianoce<\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 \u013eudia verili mnoh\u00fdm pover\u00e1m. Napr\u00edklad \u017ee v\u00a0tento de\u0148 bolo treba vst\u00e1va\u0165 skoro r\u00e1no, aby sa v\u0161etko stihlo na ve\u010der dokon\u010di\u0165. Na Vianoce nesmela do domu vst\u00fapi\u0165 cudzia \u017eena, ani sa nesmelo ni\u010d po\u017ei\u010diava\u0165, preto\u017ee by to prinieslo ne\u0161\u0165astie. Ak niekto pred ve\u010derou k\u00fdchol, znamenalo to pre\u0148ho dlh\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kedysi sa zdobil r\u00e1no na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 a\u00a0ruku k\u00a0dielu dala cel\u00e1 rodina. Dnes sa viano\u010dn\u00e9 strom\u010deky\u00a0ozdob<strong>uj\u00fa<\/strong>\u00a0sk\u00f4r, minim\u00e1lne t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 pred Vianocami, niekde dokonca za\u010diatkom decembra na Mikul\u00e1\u0161a. V minulosti sa strom\u010deky zdobili r\u00f4zne, \u010dasto menej ok\u00e1zalo a\u00a0pestro ako dnes. \u0160pi\u010dka vrcholu zost\u00e1vala pr\u00e1zdna, dnes sa tam d\u00e1va \u0161pic, hviezda alebo in\u00e9 ozdoby. Pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie by v\u0161ak strom\u010dek mal st\u00e1\u0165 v\u00a0izbe a\u017e\u00a0do sviatku Troch kr\u00e1\u013eov, \u010di\u017ee 6.janu\u00e1ra. To je koniec viano\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.velkykosik.sk\/images\/sklady\/777146.jpg\" alt=\"Vl\u00e1\u010dik na viano\u010dn\u00fd strom\u010dek | VELK\u00dd KO\u0160\u00cdK\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>P\u00f4st na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mo\u017eno aj v\u00e1s rodi\u010dia v detstve nab\u00e1dali posti\u0165 sa na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148, aby ste ve\u010der mohli uvidie\u0165\u00a0zlat\u00e9 prasiatko\u00a0<br>Dnes je to r\u00f4zne \u2013 pre katol\u00edkov, pravosl\u00e1vnych a gr\u00e9ckokatol\u00edkov je \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 p\u00f4stny. Najedli sa r\u00e1no, sk\u00f4r skromne \u2013 len nejak\u00fd k\u00fasok chleba a\u00a0na obed polievka. To je v\u0161etko. U\u00a0protestantov b\u00fdvalo jedlo na \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 bohat\u0161ie, pestrej\u0161ie a\u00a0v\u00fddatnej\u0161ie. Dokonca aj m\u00e4so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0160tedrove\u010dern\u00e1 ve\u010dera<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u013dudov\u00e1 zvyklos\u0165 hovor\u00ed, \u017ee za \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00fd st\u00f4l by sme si mali zasadn\u00fa\u0165 vtedy, ke\u010f vyjde prv\u00e1 hviezda. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa v\u0161ak sl\u00e1vnostn\u00e1 ve\u010dera za\u010d\u00edna medzi 17:00 a\u00a018:00, na dedine tro\u0161ku sk\u00f4r. Nie je v\u0161ak presne stanoven\u00fd \u010das.<br>Aj na\u0161a mama v\u017edy pr\u00edzvukovala \u2013\u00a0od stola sa neodch\u00e1dza! V\u0161etko mus\u00ed by\u0165 po ruke, aby sa len dokladalo na st\u00f4l, ale vsta\u0165 sa nesmelo. Kedysi to malo v\u00fdznam \u2013 pr\u00edbytky boli mal\u00e9, stiesnen\u00e9, tak\u017ee praktickej\u0161ie bolo ma\u0165 v\u0161etko poruke.<br>No existuje aj\u00a0povera, pod\u013ea ktorej ak vstanete od \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00e9ho stola, nemuseli by ste sa do\u017ei\u0165 bud\u00facich Vianoc\u2026<br>Zo \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00e9ho stola sa nemohlo ni\u010d vyhodi\u0165, odkladali sa aj\u00a0odrobinky, ktor\u00e9 vraj pom\u00e1hali, ke\u010f ochorel dobytok. Myslelo sa aj na statok v ma\u0161taliach a chlievoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.wixstatic.com\/media\/4f91fb_bc8f80d14df845258d8dc3b4cc5f10cf~mv2.jpg\/v1\/fit\/w_800%2Ch_566%2Cal_c%2Cq_80\/file.jpg\" alt=\"VEGETARI\u00c1NSKE VIANOCE\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Viano\u010dn\u00e9 obl\u00e1tky<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch jednoducho museli by\u0165 viano\u010dn\u00e9 obl\u00e1tky natret\u00e9\u00a0medom. Za\u010d\u00ednalo sa pr\u00edpitkom, nasledovali obl\u00e1tky a\u00a0potom u\u017e polievka, hlavn\u00e9 jedlo a\u00a0kol\u00e1\u010de. Aj dnes sa tento zvyk v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch dodr\u017eiava. Kedysi obl\u00e1tky piekli u\u010ditelia a\u00a0v\u017edy to\u013eko kusov, ko\u013eko bolo \u010dlenov v\u00a0rodine. Dnes vid\u00edte na mnoh\u00fdch trhovisk\u00e1ch po cel\u00fd december v\u00fdber r\u00f4znych obl\u00e1tok \u2013 klasick\u00e9, \u0161koricov\u00e9, orechov\u00e9 ap. K\u00a0tomu aj trubi\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pr\u00e1zdny tanier, mince, \u0161upiny<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch sa dodr\u017eiava zvyk prida\u0165 na st\u00f4l\u00a0tanier navy\u0161e. M\u00e1 symbolizova\u0165 otvorenos\u0165 a\u00a0\u00fastretovos\u0165. No je tie\u017e pre ne\u010dakan\u00fa n\u00e1v\u0161tevu, ale tie\u017e sa takto spom\u00edna na v\u00a0uplynulom roku zosnul\u00fdch bl\u00edzkych. Takto sa mu hovor\u00ed tanier pre du\u0161e. Pod taniere, respekt\u00edve do rohu stola pod obrus sa zvykli d\u00e1va\u0165 r\u00f4zne veci. Niekto tam d\u00e1va\u00a0mince, aby bol \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rok finan\u010dne lep\u0161\u00ed. Kedysi sa d\u00e1vala pod obrus\u00a0\u0161o\u0161ovica, ktor\u00e1 pripom\u00ednala peniaz. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vali pod tanier\u00a0\u0161upinu\u00a0z\u00a0kapra, ako symbol pe\u0148az\u00ed. Potom sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou t\u00e1 \u0161upina prelo\u017eila do pe\u0148a\u017eenky, kde bola po cel\u00fd rok, aby sa rodine finan\u010dne darilo.<br>Pod \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00fdm stolom tie\u017e b\u00fdval polo\u017een\u00fd \u017eelezn\u00fd predmet, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie\u00a0sekera. Verilo sa, \u017ee ten, kto na\u0148 po\u010das ve\u010dere polo\u017e\u00ed nohu, bude v bud\u00facom roku \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tradi\u010dn\u00e1 ryba<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na stole by nemala ch\u00fdba\u0165 ryba (naj\u010dastej\u0161ie kapor), ktor\u00e1 je od 12. storo\u010dia pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za p\u00f4stne jedlo. V\u0161eobecne v\u0161ak \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, ktor\u00e9 \u017eij\u00fa vo vode, ustanovila cirkev za p\u00f4stne m\u00e4so, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 nielen kapor, ale aj dnes tak\u00fd popul\u00e1rny losos, \u010di dokonca \u00faden\u00e1\u010de, zavin\u00e1\u010de a kysl\u00e9 rybky. Protestanti nedr\u017eali p\u00f4st, tak\u017ee u\u00a0nich ryba neb\u00fdvala zvykom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rozkrojen\u00e9 jablko<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po ve\u010deri sa e\u0161te zvyklo rozkroji\u0165 jablko. Pod\u013ea tvaru jadrovn\u00edka sa dal predpoveda\u0165\u00a0osud rodiny. Ak mal jadrovn\u00edk jablka tvar hviezdy, o\u010dak\u00e1valo sa v rodine \u0161\u0165astie a majetok. Ak mal tvar kr\u00ed\u017ea, dala sa o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 choroba, alebo dokonca smr\u0165.<br>\u0160kared\u00fd jadrovn\u00edk, \u010derv\u00edk, znamenali chorobu alebo ne\u0161\u0165astie. Tie\u017e sa pou\u017eilo\u00a012 jadierok\u00a0z\u00a0jablka, ktor\u00e9 symbolizovali 12 mesiacov. Vlo\u017eili ich do misky s vodou a ko\u013eko ich vypl\u00e1valo, to\u013eko malo by\u0165 such\u00fdch mesiacov.<br>Jablko sa napokon rozdelilo na to\u013eko k\u00faskov, ko\u013eko bolo \u010dlenov rodiny. Ka\u017ed\u00fd dostal jeden ako symbol toho, aby nebl\u00fadil a\u00a0zostal pri rodine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/plnielanu.zoznam.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/GettyImages-881060342.jpg\" alt=\"\u0160tedrove\u010dern\u00e9 zvyky, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm milujeme Vianoce: Dodr\u017eiavate v\u0161etky? -  Plnielanu.sk\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Zap\u00e1len\u00e1 svie\u010dka<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po \u0161tedrove\u010dernej ve\u010deri sa tie\u017e zapa\u013eovala svie\u010dka. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen rodiny postupne sf\u00fakol plame\u0148 a\u00a0v\u0161etci sledovali dym. Ak st\u00fapal rovno, znamenalo to, \u017ee doty\u010dn\u00fd bude zdrav\u00fd. Ak smeroval k dver\u00e1m alebo na stranu, znamenalo to, \u017ee zomrie.<br>Svie\u010dka v\u0161eobecne bola v\u00a0minulosti d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm symbolom a zapa\u013eovala sa a\u017e tesne pred ve\u010derou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dar\u010deky po ve\u010deri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aj vy ste sa ako deti nevedeli do\u010dka\u0165 dar\u010dekov a\u00a0najrad\u0161ej by ste ich rozbalili u\u017e pred ve\u010derou? Bolo v\u0161ak treba po\u010dka\u0165, preto\u017ee zvykom je rozba\u013eova\u0165 dar\u010deky a\u017e po ve\u010deri. A\u00a0to aj dnes. Kedysi sa zazvonilo po ve\u010deri na\u00a0zvon\u010dek, rodina vstala od stola a\u00a0presunula sa k\u00a0viano\u010dn\u00e9mu strom\u010deku. \u010casto dar\u010deky rozde\u013eoval najstar\u0161\u00ed \u010dlen rodiny, \u010di\u017ee otec, pr\u00edpadne star\u00fd otec. Dnes u\u017e je to vo\u013enej\u0161ie a\u00a0dar\u010deky rozde\u013euj\u00fa deti, preto\u017ee to pre ne m\u00e1 \u0161peci\u00e1lnu atmosf\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mojdom.zoznam.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2539143-1024x627.jpg\" alt=\"In\u0161pirujte sa! Tipy na viano\u010dn\u00e9 dar\u010deky od redakcie M\u00f4j dom | M\u00f4jdom.sk\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na\u00a0Vianoce\u00a0a\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148 \u013eudia verili mnoh\u00fdm pover\u00e1m. Napr\u00edklad \u017ee v\u00a0tento de\u0148 bolo treba vst\u00e1va\u0165 skoro r\u00e1no, aby sa v\u0161etko stihlo na ve\u010der dokon\u010di\u0165. Na Vianoce nesmela do domu vst\u00fapi\u0165 cudzia \u017eena, ani sa nesmelo ni\u010d po\u017ei\u010diava\u0165, preto\u017ee by to prinieslo ne\u0161\u0165astie. Ak niekto pred ve\u010derou k\u00fdchol, znamenalo to pre\u0148ho dlh\u00fd<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=357\">viac<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-administrator","post-357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-clanok"],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Vianocne-zvyky-a-tradicie.jpeg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=357"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":360,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions\/360"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}