{"id":260,"date":"2021-09-26T11:53:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-26T09:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=260"},"modified":"2021-10-18T13:13:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T11:13:15","slug":"modrotlac-unikatne-ludove-remeslo-ktore-vymiera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=260","title":{"rendered":"Modrotla\u010d &#8211; unik\u00e1tne \u013eudov\u00e9 remeslo, ktor\u00e9 vymiera"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Modrotla\u010d<\/strong>&nbsp;je technika farbenia l\u00e1tkov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9ho v minulosti z \u013eanov\u00e9ho a konopn\u00e9ho&nbsp;pl\u00e1tna, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti aj z in\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov (napr.&nbsp;bavlna). Vzor tla\u010den\u00fd na l\u00e1tku pomocou takzvanej rezervy&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;zmesi zamedzuj\u00facej zafarbenie l\u00e1tky v mieste vzoru &#8211; ost\u00e1va po farben\u00ed l\u00e1tky modrou farbou z&nbsp;indiga&nbsp;vidite\u013en\u00fd (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v p\u00f4vodnej farbe pl\u00e1tna &#8211; bielej farbe).&nbsp;Hlavn\u00fdm predpokladom v\u00fdroby modrotla\u010de je pou\u017eitie tzv. papu, teda krycej zmesi, a tie\u017e indiga, rastlinn\u00e9ho modr\u00e9ho farbiva, ktor\u00e9 sa z\u00edskava z tropickej rastliny indigovn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na Slovensku sa modrotla\u010d za\u010dala produkova\u0165 u\u017e v&nbsp;18. storo\u010d\u00ed&nbsp;a toto remeslo sa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo roz\u0161\u00edrilo do v\u0161etk\u00fdch krajov. Ke\u010f\u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom pre produkciu modrotla\u010de je pl\u00e1tno, jej v\u00fdroba sa spo\u010diatku koncentrovala hlavne v oblastiach, kde bolo rozvinut\u00e9 pl\u00e1tenn\u00edctvo vo forme dom\u00e1cej v\u00fdroby. Strediskami pl\u00e1tenn\u00edctva na&nbsp;Slovensku&nbsp;boli regi\u00f3ny&nbsp;Oravy,&nbsp;Spi\u0161a&nbsp;a&nbsp;\u0160ari\u0161a. Vysokou kvalitou vynikalo najm\u00e4 spi\u0161sk\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno, ktor\u00e9 sa v&nbsp;19. storo\u010d\u00ed&nbsp;vyv\u00e1\u017ealo aj do zahrani\u010dia. V oblastiach Slovenska, kde bola v\u00fdroba pl\u00e1tna skromnej\u0161ia, z\u00edskavali modrotla\u010diari pl\u00e1tno na jarmokoch (\u010dasto v\u00fdmenou za vlastn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Modrotla\u010d\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/s8iXIIA_QAk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Medzi obyvate\u013estvom Slovenska sa popularita modrotla\u010de roz\u0161\u00edrila v druhej polovici 18. storo\u010dia. Modrotla\u010dou farben\u00e9 l\u00e1tky sa stali ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 najm\u00e4 v me\u0161tianskom prostred\u00ed a modrotla\u010diarske dielne vznikli skoro v ka\u017edom slovenskom meste\u010dku. V priebehu 19. storo\u010dia bola modrotla\u010d z mestsk\u00e9ho prostredia vytl\u00e1\u010dan\u00e1 m\u00f3dnej\u0161\u00edmi tov\u00e1rensky vyr\u00e1ban\u00fdmi bavlnen\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, ale modrotla\u010d sa zase stala ob\u013e\u00fabenou vo vidieckom prostred\u00ed. Modrotla\u010d sa v tomto obdob\u00ed stala d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u013eudov\u00e9ho odevu a prenikla aj do \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e9ho textilu (obrusy, prestieradl\u00e1, uter\u00e1ky, poste\u013en\u00e1 bielize\u0148). Modrotla\u010d si na\u0161la uplatnenie v sviato\u010dnom, ale aj v obradnom, \u010di pracovnom odeve. Medzi \u0161peci\u00e1lne modrotla\u010diarske v\u00fdrobky patrili ve\u013ek\u00e9 sl\u00e1vnostn\u00e9 \u0161atky, ktor\u00e9 sa zvykli pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 vo funkcii obradn\u00fdch r\u00fach na&nbsp;krst,&nbsp;svadbu&nbsp;\u010di&nbsp;pohreb. Tieto \u0161atky mali obojstrann\u00fd vzor. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 dedina mala svoje ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 vzory. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina vzorov mala aj svoje pomenovanie &#8211; napr. \u201ekudelkov\u00fd, stromkov\u00fd\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kreativnetvorenie.eu\/fotky31489\/fotos\/31489_32327__vyr_1410314593142_10206967867787876_1174269184_n.jpg\" alt=\"L\u00e1tky pod\u013ea vzoru | MODROTLA\u010c 3 | www.kreativnetvorenie.eu\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">echnika farbenia modrotla\u010dou sa aplikovala najm\u00e4 na pl\u00e1tno, ale nesk\u00f4r boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 aj in\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (napr. bavlnen\u00e9). Prepracovan\u00e9 vzory sa na l\u00e1tku ma\u013eovali bu\u010f ru\u010dne, ale postupne sa technika zdobenia l\u00e1tok vykon\u00e1vala drevenou alebo kovovou formou (pe\u010diatkou).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pl\u00e1tno sa najprv vyvarilo vo vode, do ktorej bol pridan\u00fd v\u00e1penat\u00fd&nbsp;l\u00fah&nbsp;a&nbsp;s\u00f3da. N\u00e1sledne sa pl\u00e1tno vypralo v&nbsp;kyseline s\u00edrovej, ktor\u00e1 bola zrieden\u00e1 vodou, a vypl\u00e1chlo sa v te\u010d\u00facej vode. Po usu\u0161en\u00ed, na\u0161kroben\u00ed a vymang\u013eovan\u00ed bolo pl\u00e1tno pripraven\u00e9 na tla\u010d vzorov a farbenie. Potl\u00e1\u010danie sa robilo s pomocou tzv.&nbsp;<em>papu<\/em>, teda krycej zmesi, ktor\u00e1 sa naniesla na modrotla\u010diarsku formu. Forma sa nam\u00e1\u010dala do n\u00e1doby z papom a n\u00e1sledne sa prikladala na pl\u00e1tno. Po uschnut\u00ed papu sa pl\u00e1tno v rovnobe\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1hyboch ve\u0161alo na \u017eelezn\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu a ponorilo sa na 20&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;30 min. do studenej zmesi na farbenie, ktorej z\u00e1kladn\u00fa zlo\u017eku tvorilo&nbsp;indigo. Cel\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno sa tak zafarbilo, okrem miest, kde bol nanesen\u00fd pap, ktor\u00fd indigo neprij\u00edmal. Proces nam\u00e1\u010dania sa opakoval nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;\u010d\u00edm viackr\u00e1t sa pl\u00e1tno nam\u00e1\u010dalo t\u00fdm, tmav\u0161ia modr\u00e1 vznikala. Po nafarben\u00ed sa tkanina vlo\u017eila do slab\u00e9ho roztoku kyseliny s\u00edrovej \u010d\u00edm sa pap z l\u00e1tky odstr\u00e1nil a vznikol biely vzor na tmavomodrom podklade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.obecne-noviny.sk\/uploads_article\/105548\/1-modrotla_LCG7c_1543445815.JPG\" alt=\"Modrotla\u010d zap\u00edsali do zoznamu nehmotn\u00e9ho kult\u00farneho dedi\u010dstva UNESCO\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modrotla\u010d&nbsp;je technika farbenia l\u00e1tkov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9ho v minulosti z \u013eanov\u00e9ho a konopn\u00e9ho&nbsp;pl\u00e1tna, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti aj z in\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov (napr.&nbsp;bavlna). Vzor tla\u010den\u00fd na l\u00e1tku pomocou takzvanej rezervy&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;zmesi zamedzuj\u00facej zafarbenie l\u00e1tky v mieste vzoru &#8211; ost\u00e1va po farben\u00ed l\u00e1tky modrou farbou z&nbsp;indiga&nbsp;vidite\u013en\u00fd (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v p\u00f4vodnej farbe pl\u00e1tna &#8211; bielej farbe).&nbsp;Hlavn\u00fdm predpokladom v\u00fdroby<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=260\">viac<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":261,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-administrator","post-260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-remesla"],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/modrotlac.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=260"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":406,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260\/revisions\/406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}