{"id":190,"date":"2021-08-24T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-24T07:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=190"},"modified":"2021-08-15T14:04:33","modified_gmt":"2021-08-15T12:04:33","slug":"moravanka-jana-slabaka-ako-fenomen-dychovej-hudby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=190","title":{"rendered":"MORAVANKA Jana Slab\u00e1ka, ako fenom\u00e9n dychovej hudby"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa objavuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne n\u00e1zory na to, \u010do priniesla Moravanka na sc\u00e9nu dychovej hudby a\u00a0\u010do sa jej vplyvom zmenilo, zaniklo a\u00a0vzniklo. N\u00e1zory sa l\u00ed\u0161ia region\u00e1lne ale aj vekovo. Takisto s\u00fa pozit\u00edvne, negat\u00edvne, no naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pozit\u00edvne aj negat\u00edvne s\u00fa\u010dasne. Jedno je v\u0161ak ur\u010dite jasn\u00e9 \u2013 Moravanka sp\u00f4sobila revol\u00faciu. Dodnes v\u0161ak nie je tento jav celoplo\u0161ne zaznamenan\u00fd a\u00a0presk\u00faman\u00fd. Pozrime sa teda spolo\u010dne na to, \u010do na z\u00e1klade dne\u0161n\u00fdch poznatkov Moravanka sp\u00f4sobila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pred rokom 1973, kedy sa Moravanka stala popul\u00e1rnou, na slovenskom vidieku dychov\u00e1 hudba p\u00f4sobila u\u017e celkom dlho, v\u00a0niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch aj skoro cel\u00e9 storo\u010die. O\u00a0muzikantoch p\u00f4sobiacich v\u00a0t\u00fdchto kapel\u00e1ch sa hovor\u00ed ako o\u00a0tzv.\u00a0<strong>naturistoch.\u00a0<\/strong>I\u0161lo toti\u017eto o\u00a0be\u017en\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed nemali hudobn\u00e9 vzdelanie ( z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 umeleck\u00e9 \u0161koly sa na Slovensku za\u010dali rozv\u00edja\u0165 a\u017e v\u00a0druhej polovici 20. storo\u010dia) a\u00a0teda \u010dasto neovl\u00e1dali ani noty. Nau\u010dili sa hra\u0165 pod\u013ea sluchu \u2013 prirodzene, sami, preto naturisti. Samozrejme, \u010dasom sa \u00farove\u0148 t\u00fdchto muzikantov spolu s\u00a0rozv\u00edjaj\u00facim sa \u0161kolstvom a\u00a0zmenou kult\u00farnej politiky\u00a0 zvy\u0161ovala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Televariet\u00e9 - Moravanka\" width=\"1333\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cB95fwuI7ug?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010c\u00edm boli \u0161pecifick\u00e9 kapely naturistov?<br>\u2013 tieto n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 zdru\u017eenia zoskupovali muzikantov s\u00a0viacer\u00fdch okolit\u00fdch obc\u00ed a\u00a0ich po\u010det nebol presne stanoven\u00fd. Pomenovanie niesli po svojom predn\u00edkovi alebo kapen\u00edkovi, ako to napr\u00edklad pozn\u00e1me pri \u013eudov\u00fdch hudb\u00e1ch. (S t\u00fdmto fenom\u00e9nom som sa stretla pri v\u00fdskume na Morave a\u00a0slovenskom Z\u00e1hor\u00ed. <br>\u2013 tieto kapely pri hran\u00ed nosili ich civiln\u00fd odev, nemali \u0161peci\u00e1lny odev alebo kost\u00fdm a\u00a0muzikantstvo nepredstavovalo ich prim\u00e1rny sp\u00f4sob ob\u017eivy (aj ke\u010f im ho \u010dasto ve\u013emi v\u00fdrazne dop\u013a\u0148alo)<br>\u2013 tieto kapely interpretovali najm\u00e4 lok\u00e1lny reperto\u00e1r, teda region\u00e1lne \u013eudov\u00e9 piesne a\u00a0boli sp\u00e4t\u00e9 so \u017eivotom regi\u00f3nu. Ich hern\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti s\u00faviseli s\u00a0kult\u00farnym rokom v\u00a0regi\u00f3ne (hrali na z\u00e1bav\u00e1ch \u2013 regrutsk\u00fdch, m\u00e1jov\u00fdch, hodov\u00fdch, fa\u0161iangov\u00fdch,.. a\u00a0takisto pri pohreboch, svadb\u00e1ch.) Spome\u0148me si na to, \u017ee v\u00a0prvej polovici 20. storo\u010dia nebol v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd rozhlas a\u00a0telev\u00edzia, tak\u017ee hudobn\u00fd sprievod bol len na \u013eu\u010foch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.ceskatelevize.cz\/program\/porady\/10078130989\/foto\/306292320160001_03.jpg?1136191190\" alt=\"Hraje v\u00e1m... \/ Zveme v\u00e1s...: Moravanka Jana Slab\u00e1ka \u2014 \u010cesk\u00e1 televize\" width=\"814\" height=\"610\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ke\u010f sa na prelome druhej polovice 20. storo\u010dia za\u010dal meni\u0165 sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota obyvate\u013eov a\u00a0\u010dasto sa pres\u00favali do miest, dychov\u00e1 hudba v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch za\u010dala stagnova\u0165 a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r ju za\u010dal aj na vidieku nahr\u00e1dza\u0165 spom\u00ednan\u00fd rozhlas a\u00a0telev\u00edzia. Muzikanti zostarli a\u00a0\u010dasto nemali mlad\u00fdch n\u00e1hradn\u00edkov. Na Slovensku v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa rolu zohrali miestni u\u010ditelia alebo aj k\u0148azi, ktor\u00ed sa\u00a0postarali o\u00a0rozvoj t\u00fdchto kapiel v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vieme si teda predstavi\u0165 ak\u00e1 bola situ\u00e1cia dychovej hudby na Slovensku pred rokom 1973. Moravanka Jana Slab\u00e1ka sa sformovala na konci roku 1972, kedy Jan Slab\u00e1k ako konzervatorista a\u00a0\u010dlen filharm\u00f3nie, nahral v\u00a0Brnenskom rozhlase p\u00e1r \u013eudov\u00fdch piesn\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zaran\u017eoval pod\u013ea seba. On s\u00e1m poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0Kel\u010dan pri Kyjove, u\u010dil sa u\u00a0asi najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161ieho moravsk\u00e9ho u\u010dite\u013ea Josefa Fr\u00fdborta v\u00a0Kyjove a\u00a0takisto si zahral aj so Skoro\u0148\u00e1kmi, teda s\u00a0klasickou dedinskou dychovkou. Ako \u0161kolen\u00e9mu muzikantovi, mu to v\u0161ak nevyhovovalo a\u00a0hlavne nesedelo jeho \u0161kolen\u00e9mu sluchu. Hudobn\u00e9 vn\u00edmanie \u013eud\u00ed sa toti\u017eto od za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia v\u00fdrazne zmenilo kv\u00f4li rozhlasu, telev\u00edzii aj hudobn\u00e9mu \u0161kolstvu. Na\u0161im dne\u0161n\u00fdm u\u0161iam by sa nep\u00e1\u010dilo to, \u010do sa p\u00e1\u010dilo u\u0161iam na\u0161im predkov. Pr\u00e1ve preto sa Jan Slab\u00e1k rozhodol vzia\u0165 dedi\u010dstvo svojich predkov a\u00a0prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ho modern\u00fdm u\u0161iam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Moravanka Jana Slab\u00e1ka - Necho\u010f k n\u00e1m\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E60uXomD91A?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>V marci 1973 bol v\u00a0telev\u00edzii odvysielan\u00fd program s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom \u201e<strong>A vy nezn\u00e1te Moravanku?<\/strong>\u201c ktor\u00fd sa pova\u017euje za sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010d sl\u00e1vy Moravanky v \u0161irokej verejnosti(aj ke\u010f u\u017e predt\u00fdm sa odprezentovali v\u00a0rozhlase).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u010co teda Moravanka so sebou priniesla?<\/strong><br>\u2013\u00a0<strong>aktualizovan\u00fd lok\u00e1lny reperto\u00e1r<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 teda region\u00e1lne \u013eudov\u00e9 piesne zaran\u017eovan\u00e9 pre potreby modern\u00e9ho vkusu, ktor\u00fd oslovoval ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161ie vrstvy verejnosti ako dychov\u00e1 hudba doposia\u013e. V\u010faka rozhlasu a\u00a0telev\u00edzii sa tento reperto\u00e1r mimoriadne r\u00fdchlo \u0161\u00edril a\u00a0dostal sa aj ku kapel\u00e1m na slovensk\u00fd vidiek, kde sa r\u00fdchlo udom\u00e1cnil (niet sa \u010domu divi\u0165, reperto\u00e1r Moravanky bol mimoriadne \u017eiadan\u00fd u\u00a0posluch\u00e1\u010dov, preto sa dychovky prisp\u00f4sobovali a\u00a0za\u010dali ho hra\u0165)<br>\u2013\u00a0<strong>nov\u00e1 interpreta\u010dn\u00e1 technika<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 slovensk\u00e9 dedinsk\u00e9 dychovky za\u010dali inak znie\u0165. Kapely naturistov hrali pomal\u0161ie a\u00a0jednoduch\u0161ie, oproti Moravanky by sme mohli poveda\u0165, \u017ee aj kultivovanej\u0161ie (hlavne, \u010do sa toho tempa t\u00fdka) Jan Slab\u00e1k\u00a0 a\u00a0ostatn\u00ed upravovatelia piesn\u00ed, dali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed priestor jednotliv\u00fdm n\u00e1strojov\u00fdm sekci\u00e1m \u2013 klarinety za\u010dali hra\u0165 \u017eiv\u0161ie, melodickej\u0161ie, pre trumpety bolo typick\u00e9 a\u017e swingov\u00e9 fr\u00e1zovanie a\u00a0najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed sygnifikant vplyvu Moravanky je podstatne r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie tempo.<br>\u2013\u00a0<strong>kapely sa prezliekli z\u00a0civiln\u00e9ho odevu do kost\u00fdmu\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 tesilky, biela ko\u0161e\u013ea, vesti\u010dka s\u00a0logom kapely<br>\u2013\u00a0<strong>kapely za\u010dali zdru\u017eova\u0165 muzikantov len s\u00a0jednej lokality<\/strong>, s\u00a0ktorou boli spojen\u00e9 a\u00a0zmenili svoj n\u00e1zov pod\u013ea tejto lokality, kde p\u00f4sobili. N\u00e1zvy vznikali pod\u013ea ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e9ho vzorca \u2013 n\u00e1zov lokality + koncovka \u201eanka\u201c (Vieme, \u017ee od 90. rokov 20. storo\u010dia a\u00a0hlavne v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti u\u017e tak\u00e9to kapely ve\u013emi nen\u00e1jdeme a\u00a0muzikanti \u010dasto p\u00f4sobia aj vo viacer\u00fdch kapel\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kudyznudy.cz\/files\/d0\/d0816769-432a-4f36-80dd-020a6bb57855.jpg?v=20200829235002\" alt=\"Kudy z nudy - Moravanka Jana Slab\u00e1ka\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zhr\u0148me si to \u2013 Moravanka vo vidieckom prostred\u00ed p\u00f4sobila ako dvojse\u010dn\u00e1 zbra\u0148. Na jednej strane jej obrovsk\u00e1 popularita zapr\u00ed\u010dinila vznik a rozvoj dychovej hudby v\u0161eobecne. Verejnos\u0165 sa za\u010dala o dychovku zauj\u00edma\u0165, chcela ju po\u010du\u0165 viac a \u010dastej\u0161ie, preto vznikali nov\u00e9 kapely, nov\u00e9 hern\u00e9 pr\u00edle\u017eitosti \u2013 festivaly, s\u00fa\u0165a\u017en\u00e9 prehliadky, medzi kapelami bola neust\u00e1la rivalita, ktor\u00e1 zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148ovala \u010fal\u0161\u00ed a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj a neust\u00e1le sa zlep\u0161ovanie t\u00fdchto kapiel. No na druhej strane Moravanka zna\u010dne zlikvidovala archaickej\u0161ie znenie na\u0161ej vidieckej dychovky, preto\u017ee s jej n\u00e1stupom zanikla trad\u00edcia naturistov a ich sp\u00f4sob interpret\u00e1cie, ich reperto\u00e1r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa objavuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne n\u00e1zory na to, \u010do priniesla Moravanka na sc\u00e9nu dychovej hudby a\u00a0\u010do sa jej vplyvom zmenilo, zaniklo a\u00a0vzniklo. N\u00e1zory sa l\u00ed\u0161ia region\u00e1lne ale aj vekovo. Takisto s\u00fa pozit\u00edvne, negat\u00edvne, no naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pozit\u00edvne aj negat\u00edvne s\u00fa\u010dasne. Jedno je v\u0161ak ur\u010dite jasn\u00e9 \u2013 Moravanka sp\u00f4sobila revol\u00faciu. Dodnes v\u0161ak nie<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=190\">viac<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-administrator","post-190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-hudba"],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MORAVANKA.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=190"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":193,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190\/revisions\/193"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}