{"id":175,"date":"2021-08-19T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T07:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=175"},"modified":"2021-10-18T13:13:49","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T11:13:49","slug":"drevorezba-ako-sa-ludia-naucili-pocuvat-drevo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=175","title":{"rendered":"Drevorezba \u2013 ako sa \u013eudia nau\u010dili po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 drevo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rezb\u00e1rske remeslo m\u00e1 na Slovensku dlh\u00fa trad\u00edciu. Sved\u010d\u00ed o tom ve\u013ea uchovan\u00fdch pamiatok v podobe star\u00fdch betlehemov \u010di olt\u00e1rov v kostoloch. T\u00e1to forma umenia si vy\u017eaduje nielen\u00a0\u0161ikovn\u00e9 ruky, ale aj umeleck\u00e9 a duchovn\u00e9 c\u00edtenie, a m\u00e1 ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko k soch\u00e1rstvu \u010di umeleck\u00e9mu stol\u00e1rstvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hist\u00f3ria rezb\u00e1rstva siaha a\u017e do praveku. Z tohto obdobia sa v\u0161ak zachovali sk\u00f4r n\u00e1stroje sl\u00fa\u017eiace na opracovanie dreva, a nie samotn\u00e9 rezb\u00e1rske v\u00fdrobky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00fdrobky z dreva vznikali najsk\u00f4r z praktick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov a a\u017e nesk\u00f4r dostali ozdobn\u00fd a umeleck\u00fd charakter. V starovekom R\u00edme a Gr\u00e9cku boli najstar\u0161ie sochy vyroben\u00e9 z dreva, aj ke\u010f materi\u00e1lom \u010d\u00edslo jeden bol kame\u0148.\u00a0<strong>Rezb\u00e1rske remeslo<\/strong>\u00a0dosiahlo svoj prv\u00fd vrchol v Eur\u00f3pe v obdob\u00ed gotiky, ke\u010f \u0161ikovn\u00e9 ruky majstrov vyr\u00e1bali sakr\u00e1lne diela \u2013 olt\u00e1re a sochy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/carodreva.sk\/wp-assets\/uploads\/2018\/04\/stave-church-1761363_1280-696x464.jpg\" alt=\"drevorezba-ako-sa-ludia-naucili-pocuvat-drevo\" width=\"750\" height=\"495\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drevo sa neponech\u00e1valo vo svojej p\u00f4vodnej podobe, ale pozlacovalo sa a farebne kolorovalo (polychr\u00f3movan\u00e9 drevo). Zdokona\u013eovan\u00edm spracovania sa v\u0161ak up\u00fa\u0161\u0165alo od t\u00fdchto techn\u00edk a v\u00fdrobky sa nemuseli farebne upravova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako na hojda\u010dke<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po\u010das renesancie, obdobia n\u00e1vratu k antick\u00fdm trad\u00edci\u00e1m, boli dreven\u00e9 sochy upravovan\u00e9 tak, aby vzh\u013eadom pripom\u00ednali kame\u0148 alebo kov. Druh\u00fd vrchol rezb\u00e1rskeho umenia nastal v obdob\u00ed baroka a rokoka, ke\u010f umeleck\u00e9 rezb\u00e1rstvo vyu\u017e\u00edvalo\u00a0hrav\u00fa ozdobnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/carodreva.sk\/wp-assets\/uploads\/2018\/04\/carving-790040_1280-696x464.jpg\" alt=\"drevorezba-ako-sa-ludia-naucili-pocuvat-drevo\" width=\"752\" height=\"498\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Klasicizmus znamenal op\u00e4\u0165 n\u00e1vrat ku kame\u0148u a kovu. Drevo bolo \u201edegradovan\u00e9\u201c len na materi\u00e1l pre modely, pod\u013ea ktor\u00fdch sa vyr\u00e1bali sochy. Po obdob\u00ed romantizmu charakteristickom jednoduch\u00fdmi plastikami a zdoben\u00edm ma\u013eovan\u00fdmi ornamentmi do\u0161lo k roz\u0161\u00edreniu rezb\u00e1rskeho umenia v obdob\u00ed emp\u00edru. Drevorezba nahr\u00e1dzala soch\u00e1rstvo z bronzu a bola\u00a0ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 hlavne v strednej Eur\u00f3pe. V 19. a 20. storo\u010d\u00ed sa \u0161ikovn\u00e9 ruky rezb\u00e1rov zaoberali hlavne v\u00fdrobou vyrez\u00e1van\u00fdch ornamentov, ktor\u00e9 sa lepili na n\u00e1bytok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cechy a rezb\u00e1rske \u0161koly u n\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spracovaniu dreva sa v minulosti na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed venovali aj viacer\u00e9\u00a0stredovek\u00e9 cechy, ktor\u00e9 vyr\u00e1bali n\u00e1bytok, kostoln\u00fd mobili\u00e1r, r\u00e1my obrazov, sochy i reli\u00e9fy z dreva. S\u00fastre\u010fovali sa vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch ako Bratislava, Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Trnava, Ko\u0161ice, Levo\u010da. Spolu s nimi vznikali aj\u00a0rezb\u00e1rske \u0161koly\u00a0v \u0160tiavnick\u00fdch Baniach, Uhrovci, B\u00e1novciach nad Bebravou, Rimavskej Sobote, Kl\u00e1\u0161tore pod Znievom \u010di v Humennom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/cHrC3yTYJbxQaRoc7E522z2CaB6wF2EZxsXzqsDsPnIBP0mROGiYF3YxG83HvuLKnW0xdSBbdv2d4UzpZ51hgeGeEW8qP0Ki6yOkdbTg8z2FZtlnK0CUVDdQog\" alt=\"Ve\u013ek\u00fd sala\u0161 | Raj Dar\u010dekov\" width=\"744\" height=\"419\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slovensk\u00e9 \u013eudov\u00e9 rezb\u00e1rstvo bolo tie\u017e doplnkom pr\u00e1ce v\u010del\u00e1rov, pastierov \u010di ban\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed stv\u00e1r\u0148ovali t\u00e9my zo svojho prostredia alebo \u010derpali z n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed. Dnes sa m\u00f4\u017eeme s pr\u00e1cou s drevom na \u201eneamat\u00e9rskej \u00farovni\u201c stretn\u00fa\u0165 napr\u00edklad na strednej \u0161kole \u0160UV v Bratislave (odbor dizajn a spracovanie dreva).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ke\u010f rezb\u00e1r po\u010d\u00fava drevo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pri v\u00fdbere dreva s\u00fa najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie jeho fyzik\u00e1lne a mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti, a to hustota a tvrdos\u0165, trvanlivos\u0165, nosnos\u0165, pru\u017enos\u0165 \u010di hmotnos\u0165. Rezb\u00e1ri pri pr\u00e1ci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie\u00a0<strong>lipov\u00e9 drevo<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 je m\u00e4kk\u00e9, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 pevn\u00e9. Pracuj\u00fa aj s\u00a0javorov\u00fdm, orechov\u00fdm alebo jel\u0161ov\u00fdm drevom. Vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00fdmi zdrojmi dreva s\u00fa aj \u010dere\u0161\u0148a, buk a jase\u0148, z ihli\u010dnat\u00fdch stromov je ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 borovica.\u00a0Rezb\u00e1r mus\u00ed ve\u013eakr\u00e1t p\u00f4vodn\u00fa my\u0161lienku upravi\u0165 a \u201ereza\u0165 pod\u013ea vl\u00e1kien\u201c, s ktor\u00fdmi pracuje. Spr\u00e1vny majster teda na\u010d\u00fava drevu, \u010do m\u00e1 v danej chv\u00edli robi\u0165 a kedy skon\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/ywGAPBA81iZTw5uZbhqkv72yd-W0vOZO5PA-9wssO_Inasqv8F8q5O5pXtN_1UgvdVln4s3EuJ_HZ7kTEZdLqO_k_ABVlOxYFqlRaVBPzhMZOfyE2LBO_zRg_TdWIwlx-7ekI9ujWzJF\" alt=\"Slovensk\u00e9 suven\u00edry\" width=\"730\" height=\"973\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010caro dreva<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aj\u00a0na Slovensku m\u00e1me rezb\u00e1rov, o ktor\u00fdch treba vedie\u0165 a ktor\u00ed sa venovali \u010di st\u00e1le venuj\u00fa pr\u00e1ci s kr\u00e1snym a p\u00f4sobiv\u00fdm drevom vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch jeho podob\u00e1ch a form\u00e1ch, hodnot\u00e1ch a \u00fa\u010deloch. Patr\u00ed k nim napr\u00edklad autor zn\u00e1meho betlehemu v Rajeckej Lesnej, Jozef Pekara, jeho majster Jozef Brie\u0161tensk\u00fd, rezb\u00e1ri Ivan Tome\u0161, Alojz Machaj, Andrej Ir\u0161a \u010di Jaroslav Kyb\u00e1k. Drevorezbe sa venuj\u00fa mnoh\u00ed profesion\u00e1lni soch\u00e1ri, ale aj samoukovia, ktor\u00fdch o\u010darila pr\u00e1ca s drevom. V \u010dasoch masovej v\u00fdroby je\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd kus spod ich r\u00fak jedine\u010dn\u00fdm origin\u00e1lom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zdroj: carodreva.sk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rezb\u00e1rske remeslo m\u00e1 na Slovensku dlh\u00fa trad\u00edciu. Sved\u010d\u00ed o tom ve\u013ea uchovan\u00fdch pamiatok v podobe star\u00fdch betlehemov \u010di olt\u00e1rov v kostoloch. T\u00e1to forma umenia si vy\u017eaduje nielen\u00a0\u0161ikovn\u00e9 ruky, ale aj umeleck\u00e9 a duchovn\u00e9 c\u00edtenie, a m\u00e1 ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko k soch\u00e1rstvu \u010di umeleck\u00e9mu stol\u00e1rstvu. Hist\u00f3ria rezb\u00e1rstva siaha a\u017e do praveku. Z<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/?p=175\">viac<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["entry","author-administrator","post-175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-remesla"],"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Drevorezba.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=175"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":177,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/175\/revisions\/177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiofolk.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}